您知(zhi)道打井是如(ru)何進行作業的呢?
打井機主要用于開發地下水資源,包括生活用水、農業用水和工業水鉆作業,也適用于水文地質勘查、建筑工程、橋梁基礎鉆探等。天津鉆井機械(xie)結(jie)構形式有(you)牽引式、車輛式、車背式。
一般由鉆(zhan)機、柴油機、摩(mo)擦離合(he)器、變速箱、分動(dong)(dong)箱、傳動(dong)(dong)軸、泥漿泵(beng)、清水(shui)泵(beng)、真空泵(beng)、轉盤、水(shui)龍頭、啟閉機、液壓系統、控制機構、井架、鉆(zhan)具(ju)、車架等組成(cheng)。鉆(zhan)機工作方式為泵(beng)吸反循(xun)環式。
其工作原理是在大氣壓力的作用下,循環液由匯水溝沿井眼環形縫隙流向井底,轉盤帶動鉆桿,鉆頭旋轉,泥漿泵產生的負壓將碎屑泥漿吸入管內腔并上升至龍頭,泥漿泵進入罐內,沉淀后的循環液繼續流入孔內,如此循環,形成了反循環鉆井作業。
打井機工(gong)(gong)作方式為泵吸(xi)反(fan)循環(huan)式。其(qi)工(gong)(gong)作原理是在大氣壓力(li)的作用下,循環(huan)液罐由回水溝(gou)沿(yan)井眼環(huan)形縫隙流(liu)向井底,轉(zhuan)(zhuan)盤(pan)帶動鉆(zhan)桿,鉆(zhan)頭旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan),泥漿(jiang)泵產生(sheng)的負壓吸(xi)入碎屑泥漿(jiang)管內腔并上升至龍頭,泥漿(jiang)泵進入罐內,沉(chen)淀后的循環(huan)液繼續流(liu)入孔內,如(ru)此循環(huan),形成了反(fan)循環(huan)鉆(zhan)井作業。
打井的(de)(de)步驟是配置合(he)(he)適的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)泵,根(gen)據(ju)鉆(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)補給、施工(gong)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)、測出(chu)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)井水(shui)(shui)(shui)位和(he)相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang),再根(gen)據(ju)地(di)(di)面的(de)(de)動(dong)態水(shui)(shui)(shui)位高差(cha)和(he)所采(cai)用的(de)(de)灌溉方法,你需(xu)要水(shui)(shui)(shui)泵的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)揚程(cheng)來確定(ding)水(shui)(shui)(shui)泵的(de)(de)總揚程(cheng),水(shui)(shui)(shui)泵的(de)(de)流量(liang)(liang)不(bu)超過井出(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)流量(liang)(liang),由以(yi)上兩(liang)個條(tiao)件(jian),來購買水(shui)(shui)(shui)泵。鉆(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)布(bu)(bu)(bu)置合(he)(he)理。應(ying)根(gen)據(ju)當地(di)(di)實(shi)際水(shui)(shui)(shui)文地(di)(di)質條(tiao)件(jian),合(he)(he)理布(bu)(bu)(bu)置鉆(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)位置和(he)布(bu)(bu)(bu)置。若無水(shui)(shui)(shui)文地(di)(di)質資料,可參(can)考(kao)附(fu)近已有水(shui)(shui)(shui)源井作(zuo)為布(bu)(bu)(bu)井依據(ju)。在淺層地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)不(bu)豐富(fu)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)區,決不(bu)能(neng)盲目(mu)打井。
在淺層地下水(shui)(shui)豐富的地區,宜(yi)由農戶自建淺井(jing),但井(jing)眼布置不宜(yi)過密(mi),以免相鄰水(shui)(shui)源井(jing)相互影響。在正確(que)的施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方法(fa)下,大孔的施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方法(fa)有(you)兩種(zhong)(zhong):一種(zhong)(zhong)是大槽法(fa),人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)開挖或爆破施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong);另(ling)一種(zhong)(zhong)是沉箱法(fa),排水(shui)(shui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)或不排水(shui)(shui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。吸力式施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)一般采用機械錘和人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)錘兩種(zhong)(zhong)方法(fa),通過錘的重力作用將吸力管直接打入地下。
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